目录KVM虚拟化Linux Bridge环境部署1 安装Linux Bridge1.1 安装bridge-utils软件包1.2 确认安装是否成功2 配置Linux Bridge2.1 创建网桥br02.2 将物理网卡ens33绑定到Linux Bridge2.3 配置ens33的ip2.4 为Linux Bridge网桥br0分配ip
本节给出Linux Bridge网桥环境部署的方法，使虚拟机连接到网络。
以物理网卡ens33绑定到Linux Bridge br0的操作为例，使用root用户执行如下命令搭建Linux Bridge ：
1.1 安装bridge-utils软件包
Linux Bridge通常通过brctl工具管理，其对应的安装包为bridge-utils，安装命令如下：
# yum install -y bridge-utils
示例命令如下：
[root@superman-21 ~]# yum install -y bridge-utils
Last metadata expiration check: 1 day, 12:32:06 ago on 2023年02月05日 星期日 22时41分25秒.
Dependencies resolved.============================================================================================================================Package Architecture Version Repository Size============================================================================================================================Installing:
bridge-utils x86_64 1.7.1-1.oe2203 OS 33 k
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Transaction Summary============================================================================================================================Install 1 Package
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Total download size: 33 k
Installed size: 62 k
Downloading Packages:
bridge-utils-1.7.1-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 186 kB/s | 33 kB 00:00
—————————————————————————————————————————-
Total 179 kB/s | 33 kB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : bridge-utils-1.7.1-1.oe2203.x86_64 1/1
Running scriptlet: bridge-utils-1.7.1-1.oe2203.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : bridge-utils-1.7.1-1.oe2203.x86_64 1/1
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Installed:
bridge-utils-1.7.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
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Complete!
[root@superman-21 ~]#
Last metadata expiration check: 1 day, 12:32:06 ago on 2023年02月05日 星期日 22时41分25秒.
Dependencies resolved.============================================================================================================================Package Architecture Version Repository Size============================================================================================================================Installing:
bridge-utils x86_64 1.7.1-1.oe2203 OS 33 k
?
Transaction Summary============================================================================================================================Install 1 Package
?
Total download size: 33 k
Installed size: 62 k
Downloading Packages:
bridge-utils-1.7.1-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 186 kB/s | 33 kB 00:00
—————————————————————————————————————————-
Total 179 kB/s | 33 kB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : bridge-utils-1.7.1-1.oe2203.x86_64 1/1
Running scriptlet: bridge-utils-1.7.1-1.oe2203.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : bridge-utils-1.7.1-1.oe2203.x86_64 1/1
?
Installed:
bridge-utils-1.7.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
?
Complete!
[root@superman-21 ~]#
1.2 确认安装是否成功
确认bridge-utils组件是否安装成功若安装成功，可以查看软件包相关信息。
# rpm -qi bridge-utils
示例命令如下：
[root@superman-21 ~]# rpm -iq bridge-utils
bridge-utils-1.7.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
[root@superman-21 ~]#
[root@superman-21 ~]# rpm -qi bridge-utils
Name : bridge-utils
Version : 1.7.1
Release : 1.oe2203
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: 2023年02月07日 星期二 11时13分34秒
Group : Unspecified
Size : 63965
License : GPLv2+
Signature : RSA/SHA1, 2022年03月30日 星期三 12时42分49秒, Key ID d557065eb25e7f66
Source RPM : bridge-utils-1.7.1-1.oe2203.src.rpm
Build Date : 2021年12月08日 星期三 08时00分00秒
Build Host : ecs-obsworker-209
Packager : http://openeuler.org
Vendor : http://openeuler.org
URL : https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/networking/bridge
Summary : Utilities for configuring the linux ethernet bridge
Description :
This package provides utilities for configuring the linux ethernet
bridge. The linux ethernet bridge can be used for connecting multiple
ethernet devices together.
[root@superman-21 ~]#
bridge-utils-1.7.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
[root@superman-21 ~]#
[root@superman-21 ~]# rpm -qi bridge-utils
Name : bridge-utils
Version : 1.7.1
Release : 1.oe2203
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: 2023年02月07日 星期二 11时13分34秒
Group : Unspecified
Size : 63965
License : GPLv2+
Signature : RSA/SHA1, 2022年03月30日 星期三 12时42分49秒, Key ID d557065eb25e7f66
Source RPM : bridge-utils-1.7.1-1.oe2203.src.rpm
Build Date : 2021年12月08日 星期三 08时00分00秒
Build Host : ecs-obsworker-209
Packager : http://openeuler.org
Vendor : http://openeuler.org
URL : https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/networking/bridge
Summary : Utilities for configuring the linux ethernet bridge
Description :
This package provides utilities for configuring the linux ethernet
bridge. The linux ethernet bridge can be used for connecting multiple
ethernet devices together.
[root@superman-21 ~]#
2.1 创建网桥br0
# brctl addbr br0
示例命令如下：
[root@superman-21 ~]# brctl addbr br0
[root@superman-21 ~]#
[root@superman-21 ~]#
查看创建的网桥br0
# brctl show
示例命令如下：
[root@superman-21 ~]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000000000000 no
[root@superman-21 ~]#
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000000000000 no
[root@superman-21 ~]#
2.2 将物理网卡ens33绑定到Linux Bridge
# brctl addif br0 ens33
示例命令如下：
[root@superman-21 ~]# brctl addif br0 ens33
[root@superman-21 ~]#
[root@superman-21 ~]#
查看绑定后Linux网桥的配置
用brctl show查看当前Linux网桥的配置，ens33已经挂到br0上了
# brctl show
示例命令如下：
[root@superman-21 ~]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000c2996c9d7 no ens33
[root@superman-21 ~]#
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000c2996c9d7 no ens33
[root@superman-21 ~]#
2.3 配置ens33的ip
ens33与网桥连接后，不再需要 IP 地址，将ens33的IP设置为0.0.0.0。
# ifconfig ens33 0.0.0.0
示例命令如下：
[root@superman-21 ~]# ifconfig ens33 0.0.0.0
[root@superman-21 ~]#
[root@superman-21 ~]#
2.4 为Linux Bridge网桥br0分配ip
2.4.1 DHCP设置
如果有DHCP服务器，可以通过dhclient设置动态IP地址。
# dhclient br0
示例命令如下：
[root@superman-21 ~]# dhclient br0
[root@superman-21 ~]#
[root@superman-21 ~]#
查看dhcp自动获取ip地址信息
# ip add list
示例命令如下：
[root@superman-21 ~]# ip add list
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:96:c9:d7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp2s1
inet6 fe80::9393:f6ae:ced9:7759/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:96:c9:d7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.131/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic br0
valid_lft 6804sec preferred_lft 6804sec
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe96:c9d7/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@superman-21 ~]#
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:96:c9:d7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp2s1
inet6 fe80::9393:f6ae:ced9:7759/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:96:c9:d7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.131/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic br0
valid_lft 6804sec preferred_lft 6804sec
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe96:c9d7/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@superman-21 ~]#
2.4.2 静态ip设置
如果没有DHCP服务器，给br0配置静态IP，例如设置静态IP为192.168.1.21，子网掩码为255.255.255.0。
# ifconfig br0 192.168.1.21 netmask 255.255.255.0
示例命令如下：
[root@superman-21 ~]# ifconfig br0 192.168.1.21 netmask 255.255.255.0
[root@superman-21 ~]#
[root@superman-21 ~]#
查看静态ip设置后信息
# ip add list
示例命令如下：
[root@superman-21 ~]# ip add list
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:96:c9:d7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp2s1
inet6 fe80::9393:f6ae:ced9:7759/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:96:c9:d7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.21/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global br0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe96:c9d7/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@superman-21 ~]#
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:96:c9:d7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp2s1
inet6 fe80::9393:f6ae:ced9:7759/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:96:c9:d7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.21/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global br0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe96:c9d7/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@superman-21 ~]#
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