目录1.创建分区表2.增删改查操作2.1 插入数据2.2 操作数据3. 二级分区表3.1 创建分区表3.2 插入数据4.动态分区5.分桶表5.1 新建分桶表5.2 插入数据5.3 既分区有分桶6 分区与分桶的区别
create table dept_partition(
deptno int,
dname string,
loc int
)
partitioned by (dt string) // 分区字段(date)
row format delimited fields terminated by ‘\t’;
deptno int,
dname string,
loc int
)
partitioned by (dt string) // 分区字段(date)
row format delimited fields terminated by ‘\t’;
1)导入本地数据
— 创建一个名字为dt=’2022-06-14’的文件夹,在其中导入数据
load data local inpath ‘/opt/module/hive/datas/dept.txt’
into table dept_partition
partition(dt=’2022-06-14′);
load data local inpath ‘/opt/module/hive/datas/dept.txt’
into table dept_partition
partition(dt=’2022-06-14′);
分区表就是先创建文件夹,然后在文件夹中写入数据
换句话说,分区表就是将一张大表分成若干个文件夹进行管理
2)插入数据
insert overwrite table dept_partition partition(dt=’2022-06-17′)
select deptno, dname, loc from dept;
select deptno, dname, loc from dept;
insert overwrite table dept_partition
select deptno, dname, loc, ‘2022-06-18’ from dept;
select deptno, dname, loc, ‘2022-06-18’ from dept;
1)查看分区数
show partitions dept_partition;
2)查询指定分区
select * from dept_partition where dt=’2022-06-14′;
3)增加/删除分区
alter table dept_partition add partition(dt=’2022-06-19′);
alter table dept_partition drop partition(dt=’2022-06-19′);
alter table dept_partition drop partition(dt=’2022-06-19′);
ps.也可以直接在liunx端输入命令增加分区
— 将18号分区复制一份,命名为13号分区
hadoop fs -cp /user/hive/warehouse/dept_partition/dt=2022-06-18
/user/hive/warehouse/dept_partition/dt=2022-06-13
ps..如果直接在网页端新建文件夹,终端不会显示新建的分区,必须修复
msck repair table dept_partition;
就是大文件夹套小文件夹
create table dept_partition2(
deptno int,
dname string,
loc int
)
partitioned by (month string, day string) // month为父目录,day为子目录
row format delimited fields terminated by ‘\t’;
deptno int,
dname string,
loc int
)
partitioned by (month string, day string) // month为父目录,day为子目录
row format delimited fields terminated by ‘\t’;
load data local inpath ‘/opt/module/hive/datas/dept.txt’
into table dept_partition2 partition(month=’2022-06′, day=’15’);
into table dept_partition2 partition(month=’2022-06′, day=’15’);
insert into dept_partition2 partition(month=’2022-06′,day=’15’)
select deptno, dname, loc from dept;
select deptno, dname, loc from dept;
普通数据无法直接转化为分区表,只能先新建新的分区表,再将旧数据插入这个新的分区表
1)创建分区表
create table emp_par(
empno int,
ename string,
job string,
salary decimal(16,2)
) partitioned by (deptno int)
row format delimited fields terminated by ‘\t’;
empno int,
ename string,
job string,
salary decimal(16,2)
) partitioned by (deptno int)
row format delimited fields terminated by ‘\t’;
2)然后将数据插入这张分区表
方式一:一个分区一个分区的插入
insert into emp_par partition(deptno=10)
select empno,ename,job,sal from emp where deptno=10; //然后是11,12…
select empno,ename,job,sal from emp where deptno=10; //然后是11,12…
方式二:动态分区一次搞定
insert overwrite table emp_par // 不用指定分区
select empno,ename,job,sal,deptno from emp; //直接把deptno写到这里
select empno,ename,job,sal,deptno from emp; //直接把deptno写到这里
核心语句:
clustered by (a) sorted by (b) into 4 buckets //按照a分了4个桶,桶内按照b排序
create table stu_buck(
id int,
name string
)
clustered by (id) sorted by (id) into 4 buckets //根据id的hash值按4取模
row format delimited fields terminated by ‘\t’;
id int,
name string
)
clustered by (id) sorted by (id) into 4 buckets //根据id的hash值按4取模
row format delimited fields terminated by ‘\t’;
查看
select * from stu_buk
可以发现分成了四个区
ps.分桶的意义:在取数的时候可以直接数据定位所在的桶,然后方便遍历,查询更高效
load data inpath ‘/datas/student.txt’ into table stu_buck;
ps.不能用本地模式,必须用hdfs模式
insert overwrite table stu_buck
select id,name from stu_ex;
select id,name from stu_ex;
create table stu_par_buck(
id int,
name string
)
partitioned by (dt string) // 先创建文件夹
clustered by (id) sorted by (id desc) into 4 buckets //然后内部分桶
row format delimited fields terminated by ‘\t’;
id int,
name string
)
partitioned by (dt string) // 先创建文件夹
clustered by (id) sorted by (id desc) into 4 buckets //然后内部分桶
row format delimited fields terminated by ‘\t’;
插入数据:
与普通的一样
insert into stu_par_buck
select id, name, ‘2022-06-14’ from stu_ex;
select id, name, ‘2022-06-14’ from stu_ex;
主键适合拿来分桶,而普通的列适合拿来分区(一般为日期)
分桶是文件,分区是文件夹
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