PostgreSQL12.5中分区表的一些操作实例(spread过去分词和过去分词)一篇读懂

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目录1、创建一个有DEFAULT的分区表1、先创建主表2、如果没有创建分区就直接插入数据会报错3、创建分区4、查看分区情况2、有default 分区,再加分区解决办法:3、没有default的分区4、给分区表ddl4.1、在原来没有主键的分区表加主键4.2、创建分区表时,就指定主键4.3、分区表加字段,修改字段总结
create table tbl_log
(
id serial,
create_time timestamp(0) without time zone,
remark char(1)
) PARTITION BY RANGE (create_time);
#因为是serial类型,自增的所以会自动创建一个序列
postgres=# \d
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
——–+—————-+——————-+———-
public | tbl_log | partitioned table | postgres
public | tbl_log_id_seq | sequence | postgres
(7 rows)
postgres=# INSERT INTO tbl_log(id, create_time, remark) VALUES (1, ‘2018-02-01’, ‘a’);
ERROR: no partition of relation “tbl_log” found for row
DETAIL: Partition key of the failing row contains (create_time)=(2018-02-01 00:00:00).
postgres=#
#包括左边1.1,不包括2.1
CREATE TABLE tbl_log_p201801 PARTITION OF tbl_log FOR VALUES FROM (‘2018-01-01’) TO (‘2018-02-01’);
CREATE TABLE tbl_log_p201802 PARTITION OF tbl_log FOR VALUES FROM (‘2018-02-01’) TO (‘2018-03-01’);
CREATE TABLE tbl_log_p201803 PARTITION OF tbl_log FOR VALUES FROM (‘2018-03-01’) TO (‘2018-04-01’);
CREATE TABLE tbl_log_default PARTITION OF tbl_log DEFAULT;
INSERT INTO tbl_log(id, create_time, remark) VALUES (1, ‘2018-02-01’, ‘a’);
INSERT INTO tbl_log(id, create_time, remark) VALUES (2, ‘2018-03-01’, ‘b’);
INSERT INTO tbl_log(id, create_time, remark) VALUES (3, ‘2018-04-01’, ‘d’);
INSERT INTO tbl_log(id, create_time, remark) VALUES (4, ‘2020-07-01’, ‘c’);
postgres=# select * from tbl_log;
id | create_time | remark
—-+———————+——–
1 | 2018-02-01 00:00:00 | a
2 | 2018-03-01 00:00:00 | b
3 | 2018-04-01 00:00:00 | d
4 | 2020-07-01 00:00:00 | c
(4 rows)
postgres=# select * from tbl_log_p201801;
id | create_time | remark
—-+————-+——–
(0 rows)
postgres=# select * from tbl_log_p201802;
id | create_time | remark
—-+———————+——–
1 | 2018-02-01 00:00:00 | a
(1 row)
postgres=# select * from tbl_log_p201803;
id | create_time | remark
—-+———————+——–
2 | 2018-03-01 00:00:00 | b
(1 row)

postgres=# select * from tbl_log_default;
id | create_time | remark
—-+———————+——–
3 | 2018-04-01 00:00:00 | d
4 | 2020-07-01 00:00:00 | c
(2 rows)
postgres=#

因为有default 分区,再加分区,所以会报错

postgres=# CREATE TABLE tbl_log_p201804 PARTITION OF tbl_log FOR VALUES FROM (‘2018-04-01’) TO (‘2018-05-01’);
ERROR: updated partition constraint for default partition “tbl_log_default” would be violated by some row

以上添加分区报错,需要解绑default分区,之后再添加,如下

1、解绑Default分区

postgres=# ALTER TABLE tbl_log DETACH PARTITION tbl_log_default;
ALTER TABLE

2、创建想要的分区

postgres=# CREATE TABLE tbl_log_p201804 PARTITION OF tbl_log FOR VALUES FROM (‘2018-04-01’) TO (‘2018-05-01’);
CREATE TABLE

3、分区创建成功,分区创建之后需把DEFAULT分区连接。

连接DEFAULT分区报错,如下:

postgres=# ALTER TABLE tbl_log ATTACH PARTITION tbl_log_default DEFAULT;
ERROR: partition constraint is violated by some row
postgres=# INSERT INTO tbl_log_p201804 SELECT * FROM tbl_log_default;
ERROR: new row for relation “tbl_log_p201804” violates partition constraint
DETAIL: Failing row contains (4, 2020-07-01 00:00:00, c).

因为tbl_log_default分区内有2018-04-01的数据,把这个数据从tbl_log_default中导出到对应的分区,并清理tbl_log_default中的对应的数据

postgres=# INSERT INTO tbl_log_p201804 SELECT * FROM tbl_log_default where create_time>=’2018-04-01′ and create_time<‘2018-05-01′;
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# delete from tbl_log_default where create_time>=’2018-04-01’ and create_time<‘2018-05-01’;
DELETE 1

4、再次连接DEFAULT分区成功

postgres=# ALTER TABLE tbl_log ATTACH PARTITION tbl_log_default DEFAULT;
ALTER TABLE

创建没有default的分区,当插入的数据超过规划好的分区的时候会报错

1、创建1月份分区

create table tbl_log2
(
id serial,
create_time timestamp(0) without time zone,
remark char(1)
) PARTITION BY RANGE (create_time);
CREATE TABLE tbl_log2_p201801 PARTITION OF tbl_log2 FOR VALUES FROM (‘2018-01-01’) TO (‘2018-02-01’);

插入2月的数据就会报错

postgres=# INSERT INTO tbl_log2(id, create_time, remark) VALUES (1, ‘2018-01-01’, ‘a’);
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# INSERT INTO tbl_log2(id, create_time, remark) VALUES (1, ‘2018-02-01’, ‘a’);
ERROR: no partition of relation “tbl_log2” found for row
DETAIL: Partition key of the failing row contains (create_time)=(2018-02-01 00:00:00).

结论:

1、在主表加主键,主键为仅仅想要的主键,会报错,需要用想要的主键+分区键组合为主键

2、分区表可以单独添加主键

1.1、在主表加主键,主键为仅仅想要的主键,报错如下 must include all partitioning columns

postgres=# alter table tbl_log add primary key(id);
ERROR: unique constraint on partitioned table must include all partitioning columns
DETAIL: PRIMARY KEY constraint on table “tbl_log” lacks column “create_time” which is part of the partition key.
postgres=# alter table tbl_log add primary key(id)

1.2、在主表添加主键需要是想要的主键+分区键

postgres=# alter table tbl_log add primary key (id,create_time);
ALTER TABLE
postgres=# \d tbl_log
Partitioned table “public.tbl_log”
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
————-+——————————–+———–+———-+————————————-
id | integer | | not null | nextval(‘tbl_log_id_seq’::regclass)
create_time | timestamp(0) without time zone | | not null |
remark | character(1) | | |
name | character varying(2) | | |
Partition key: RANGE (create_time)
Indexes:
“tbl_log_pkey” PRIMARY KEY, btree (id, create_time)
Number of partitions: 5 (Use \d+ to list them.)
postgres=# \d tbl_log_p201801
Table “public.tbl_log_p201801”
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
————-+——————————–+———–+———-+————————————-
id | integer | | not null | nextval(‘tbl_log_id_seq’::regclass)
create_time | timestamp(0) without time zone | | not null |
remark | character(1) | | |
name | character varying(2) | | |
Partition of: tbl_log FOR VALUES FROM (‘2018-01-01 00:00:00’) TO (‘2018-02-01 00:00:00’)
Indexes:
“tbl_log_p201801_pkey” PRIMARY KEY, btree (id, create_time)

1.3、可以给分区表单独添加主键

postgres=# alter table tbl_log_p201801 add primary key (id);
ALTER TABLE
postgres=# \d tbl_log_p201801
Table “public.tbl_log_p201801”
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
————-+——————————–+———–+———-+————————————-
id | integer | | not null | nextval(‘tbl_log_id_seq’::regclass)
create_time | timestamp(0) without time zone | | |
remark | character(1) | | |
name | character varying(2) | | |
Partition of: tbl_log FOR VALUES FROM (‘2018-01-01 00:00:00’) TO (‘2018-02-01 00:00:00’)
Indexes:
“tbl_log_p201801_pkey” PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
postgres=#

主键不包括分区键,报错提示must include all partitioning columns

create table tbl_log2
(
id int,
create_time timestamp(0) without time zone,
remark char(1),
primary key (id)
);
ERROR: unique constraint on partitioned table must include all partitioning columns
DETAIL: PRIMARY KEY constraint on table “tbl_log2” lacks column “create_time” which is part of the partition key.

修改语句,添加分区键也为主键,创建成功

create table tbl_log2
(
id int,
create_time timestamp(0) without time zone,
remark char(1),
primary key (id,create_time)
) PARTITION BY RANGE (create_time);
CREATE TABLE

1、加字段,可以成功添加,在主表加字段,分区表会自动添加

postgres=# alter table tbl_log add name varchar(2);
ALTER TABLE
postgres=# \d tbl_log;
Partitioned table “public.tbl_log”
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
————-+——————————–+———–+———-+————————————-
id | integer | | not null | nextval(‘tbl_log_id_seq’::regclass)
create_time | timestamp(0) without time zone | | |
remark | character(1) | | |
name | character varying(2) | | |
Partition key: RANGE (create_time)
Number of partitions: 5 (Use \d+ to list them.)
postgres=# \d tbl_log_p201801;
Table “public.tbl_log_p201801”
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
————-+——————————–+———–+———-+————————————-
id | integer | | not null | nextval(‘tbl_log_id_seq’::regclass)
create_time | timestamp(0) without time zone | | |
remark | character(1) | | |
name | character varying(2) | | |
Partition of: tbl_log FOR VALUES FROM (‘2018-01-01 00:00:00’) TO (‘2018-02-01 00:00:00’)

2、直接在分区表加字段会报错

postgres=# alter table tbl_log_p201801 add name2 varchar(2);
ERROR: cannot add column to a partition

3、修改字段

postgres=# alter table tbl_log alter column remark type varchar(10);
ALTER TABLE
postgres=# \d tbl_log;
Partitioned table “public.tbl_log”
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
————-+——————————–+———–+———-+————————————-
id | integer | | not null | nextval(‘tbl_log_id_seq’::regclass)
create_time | timestamp(0) without time zone | | not null |
remark | character varying(10) | | |
name | character varying(2) | | |
Partition key: RANGE (create_time)
Indexes:
“tbl_log_pkey” PRIMARY KEY, btree (id, create_time)
Number of partitions: 5 (Use \d+ to list them.)
postgres=# \d tbl_log_p201801
Table “public.tbl_log_p201801”
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
————-+——————————–+———–+———-+————————————-
id | integer | | not null | nextval(‘tbl_log_id_seq’::regclass)
create_time | timestamp(0) without time zone | | not null |
remark | character varying(10) | | |
name | character varying(2) | | |
Partition of: tbl_log FOR VALUES FROM (‘2018-01-01 00:00:00’) TO (‘2018-02-01 00:00:00’)
Indexes:
“tbl_log_p201801_pkey” PRIMARY KEY, btree (id, create_time)
postgres=#

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