本篇体验使用HttpClient对ASP.NET Web API服务实现增删改查。
新建项目,选择”ASP.NET MVC 4 Web应用程序”。
选择”Web API”。
在Models文件夹下创建Product类。
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public string Category { get; set; }
public decimal Price { get; set; }
}
在Models文件夹下创建IProductRepository接口。
{
IEnumerable<Product> GetAll();
Product Get(int id);
Product Add(Product item);
void Remove(int id);
bool Update(Product item);
}
在Models文件夹下创建ProductRepository类,实现IProductRepository接口。
{
private List<Product> products=new List<Product>();
private int _nextId=1;
public ProductRepository()
{
Add(new Product() {Name=”product1″, Category=”sports”, Price=88M});
Add(new Product() { Name=”product2″, Category=”sports”, Price=98M });
Add(new Product() { Name=”product3″, Category=”toys”, Price=58M });
}
public IEnumerable<Product> GetAll()
{
return products;
}
public Product Get(int id)
{
return products.Find(p=> p.Id==id);
}
public Product Add(Product item)
{
if (item==null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(“item”);
}
item.Id=_nextId++;
products.Add(item);
return item;
}
public bool Update(Product item)
{
if (item==null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(“item”);
}
int index=products.FindIndex(p=> p.Id==item.Id);
if (index==-1)
{
return false;
}
products.RemoveAt(index);
products.Add(item);
return true;
}
public void Remove(int id)
{
products.RemoveAll(p=> p.Id==id);
}
}
在Controllers文件夹下创建空的ProductController。
{
static readonly IProductRepository repository=new ProductRepository();
//获取所有
public IEnumerable<Product> GetAllProducts()
{
return repository.GetAll();
}
//根据id获取
public Product GetProduct(int id)
{
Product item=repository.Get(id);
if (item==null)
{
throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);
}
return item;
}
//根据类别查找所有产品
public IEnumerable<Product> GetProductsByCategory(string category)
{
return
repository.GetAll().Where(p=> string.Equals(p.Category, category, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
}
//创建产品
public HttpResponseMessage PostProduct(Product item)
{
item=repository.Add(item);
var response=Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.Created, item);
string uri=Url.Link(“DefaultApi”, new {id=item.Id});
response.Headers.Location=new Uri(uri);
return response;
}
//更新产品
public void PutProduct(int id, Product product)
{
product.Id=id;
if (!repository.Update(product))
{
throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);
}
}
//删除产品
public void DeleteProduct(int id)
{
Product item=repository.Get(id);
if (item==null)
{
throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);
}
repository.Remove(id);
}
}
在浏览器中输入:
http://localhost:1310/api/Product 获取到所有产品
http://localhost:1310/api/Product/1 获取编号为1的产品
在同一个解决方案下创建一个控制台程序。
依次点击”工具”,”库程序包管理器”,”程序包管理器控制台”,输入如下:
在控制台程序下添加Product类,与ASP.NET Web API中的对应。
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public double Price { get; set; }
public string Category { get; set; }
}
编写如下:
{
RunAsync().Wait();
Console.ReadKey();
}
static async Task RunAsync()
{
using (var client=new HttpClient())
{
//设置
client.BaseAddress=new Uri(“http://localhost:1310/”);
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Clear();
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue(“application/json”));
//异步获取数据
HttpResponseMessage response=await client.GetAsync(“/api/Product/1”);
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
Product product=await response.Content.ReadAsAsync<Product>();
Console.WriteLine(“{0}\t{1}元\t{2}”,product.Name, product.Price, product.Category);
}
}
}
把控制台项目设置为启动项目。
HttpResponseMessage的IsSuccessStatusCode只能返回true或false,如果想让响应抛出异常,需要使用EnsureSuccessStatusCode方法。
{
HttpResponseMessage response=await client.GetAsync(“/api/Product/1”);
response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();//此方法确保响应失败抛出异常
}
catch(HttpRequestException ex)
{
//处理异常
}
另外,ReadAsAsync方法,默认接收MediaTypeFormatter类型的参数,支持 JSON, XML, 和Form-url-encoded格式,如果想自定义MediaTypeFormatter格式,参照如下:
new MyCustomFormatter(),
new JsonMediaTypeFormatter(),
new XmlMediaTypeFormatter()
};
resp.Content.ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<Product>>(formatters);
{
RunAsync().Wait();
Console.ReadKey();
}
static async Task RunAsync()
{
using (var client=new HttpClient())
{
//设置
client.BaseAddress=new Uri(“http://localhost:1310/”);
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Clear();
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue(“application/json”));
//异步获取数据
HttpResponseMessage response=await client.GetAsync(“/api/Product”);
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
IEnumerable<Product> products=await response.Content.ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<Product>>();
foreach (var item in products)
{
Console.WriteLine(“{0}\t{1}元\t{2}”, item.Name, item.Price, item.Category);
}
}
}
}
{
RunAsync().Wait();
Console.ReadKey();
}
static async Task RunAsync()
{
using (var client=new HttpClient())
{
//设置
client.BaseAddress=new Uri(“http://localhost:1310/”);
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Clear();
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue(“application/json”));
//添加
var myProduct=new Product() { Name=”myproduct”, Price=88, Category=”other” };
HttpResponseMessage response=await client.PostAsJsonAsync(“api/Product”, myProduct);
//异步获取数据
response=await client.GetAsync(“/api/Product”);
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
IEnumerable<Product> products=await response.Content.ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<Product>>();
foreach (var item in products)
{
Console.WriteLine(“{0}\t{1}元\t{2}”, item.Name, item.Price, item.Category);
}
}
}
}
{
RunAsync().Wait();
Console.ReadKey();
}
static async Task RunAsync()
{
using (var client=new HttpClient())
{
//设置
client.BaseAddress=new Uri(“http://localhost:1310/”);
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Clear();
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue(“application/json”));
//添加 HTTP POST
var myProduct=new Product() { Name=”myproduct”, Price=100, Category=”other” };
HttpResponseMessage response=await client.PostAsJsonAsync(“api/product”, myProduct);
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
Uri pUrl=response.Headers.Location;
//修改 HTTP PUT
myProduct.Price=80; // Update price
response=await client.PutAsJsonAsync(pUrl, myProduct);
}
//异步获取数据
response=await client.GetAsync(“/api/Product”);
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
IEnumerable<Product> products=await response.Content.ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<Product>>();
foreach (var item in products)
{
Console.WriteLine(“{0}\t{1}元\t{2}”, item.Name, item.Price, item.Category);
}
}
}
}
{
RunAsync().Wait();
Console.ReadKey();
}
static async Task RunAsync()
{
using (var client=new HttpClient())
{
//设置
client.BaseAddress=new Uri(“http://localhost:1310/”);
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Clear();
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue(“application/json”));
//添加 HTTP POST
var myProduct=new Product() { Name=”myproduct”, Price=100, Category=”other” };
HttpResponseMessage response=await client.PostAsJsonAsync(“api/product”, myProduct);
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
Uri pUrl=response.Headers.Location;
//修改 HTTP PUT
myProduct.Price=80; // Update price
response=await client.PutAsJsonAsync(pUrl, myProduct);
//删除 HTTP DELETE
response=await client.DeleteAsync(pUrl);
}
//异步获取数据
response=await client.GetAsync(“/api/Product”);
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
IEnumerable<Product> products=await response.Content.ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<Product>>();
foreach (var item in products)
{
Console.WriteLine(“{0}\t{1}元\t{2}”, item.Name, item.Price, item.Category);
}
}
}
}
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